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Operator Reference

Pie Wheels

Twelve formulas rearrange often enough to be worth memorizing as a picture. Cover the piece you want and the wheel shows you the arithmetic.

How to read a wheel

  • Multiply the wedges underneath the line to get the quantity on top.
  • Need one of the bottom wedges instead? Put your thumb over it, then divide whatever is still showing below the line into the quantity on top.
  • Your numbers have to already be in the units printed on the wheel — convert first.
  • Metric appears in parentheses wherever it differs from the US value, like (m²).

Feed Rate, lbs/day (kg/day)

Chemical Feed,100% Puritylbs/day (kg/day)FlowMGD (m³/day)8.34 lbs/gal(0.001)Dosemg/L

Flow Rate, ft³/sec (m³/sec)

Flow Rateft³/sec (m³/sec)Areaft² (m²)Velocityft/sec (m/sec)

Force, lbs (Newtons)

Forcelbs (Newtons)Pressurepsi (pascals)Areain² (m²)

Loading Rate, lbs/day (kg/day)

Loading Ratelbs/day (kg/day)FlowMGD (m³/day)8.34 lbs/gal(0.001)Concentrationmg/L

Mass, lbs (kg)

Masslbs (kg)VolumeMG (m³)8.34 lbs/gal(0.001)Concentrationmg/L